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Advanced piezoelectric materials: Science and technology

Edited by K Uchino, Pennsylvania State University, USA

 - provides a comprehensive review of the new materials, their properties and methods of manufacture and application
 - explores the development of piezoelectric materials from the historical background to the present status
 - features an overview of manufacturing methods for piezoelectric ceramic materials including design considerations
 - discusses high-power piezoelectric materials and photostrictive actuators which leads on to an assessment of the performance of piezoelectric materials under stress

Piezoelectric materials produce electric charges on their surfaces as a consequence of applying mechanical stress. They are used in the fabrication of a growing range of devices such as transducers (used, for example, in ultrasound scanning), actuators (deployed in such areas as vibration suppression in optical and microelectronic engineering), pressure sensor devices (such as gyroscopes) and increasingly as a way of producing energy. Their versatility has led to a wealth of research to broaden the range of piezoelectric materials and their potential uses. Advanced piezoelectric materials: science and technology provides a comprehensive review of these new materials, their properties, methods of manufacture and applications.

After an introductory overview of the development of piezoelectric materials, Part one reviews the various types of piezoelectric material, ranging from lead zirconate titanate (PZT) piezo-ceramics, relaxor ferroelectric ceramics, lead-free piezo-ceramics, quartz-based piezoelectric materials, the use of lithium niobate and lithium in piezoelectrics, single crystal piezoelectric materials, electroactive polymers (EAP) and piezoelectric composite materials. Part two discusses how to design and fabricate piezo-materials with chapters on piezo-ceramics, single crystal preparation techniques, thin film technologies, aerosol techniques and manufacturing technologies for piezoelectric transducers. The final part of the book looks at applications such as high-power piezoelectric materials and actuators as well as the performance of piezoelectric materials under stress.

With its distinguished editor and international team of expert contributors Advanced piezoelectric materials: science and technology is a standard reference for all those researching piezoelectric materials and using them to develop new devices in such areas as microelectronics, optical, sound, structural and biomedical engineering.

ISBN 1 84569 534 8
ISBN-13: 978 1 84569 534 7
September 2010
696 pages  234 x 156mm  hardback  
£170.00 / US$290.00 / €210.00

Not yet published

About the editor

Professor Kenji Uchino is Director of the International Center for Actuators and Transducers, and Professor of Electrical Engineering, at The Pennsylvania State University. He is also Senior Vice President and Chief Technical Officer at Micromechatronics, Inc., and is internationally acclaimed for his research on piezoelectric materials.

Contents

PART 1 PIEZOELECTRIC MATERIALS
PART 2 PREPARATION METHODS AND APPLICATIONS
PART 3 APPLICATION ORIENTED MATERIALS DEVELOPMENT

The development of piezoelectric materials and the new perspective
K Uchino, The Pennsylvania State University USA
 - The history of piezoelectrics
 - Piezoelectric materials: present status
 - Piezoelectric devices: brief review of applications
 - References

PART 1 PIEZOELECTRIC MATERIALS

Lead zirconate titanate-based piezo-ceramics
M Kimura, A Ando and Y Sakabe, Murata Manufacturing Co., Ltd., Japan
 - Introduction
 - Crystalline structure and phase relations
 - Compositional modifications
 - Shaping approach and application trend
 - Low temperature sintering
 - Summary and future trends
 - References

Relaxor ferroelectric-based ceramics
K Uchino, The Pennsylvania State University USA
 - Introduction
 - Crystal structures of relaxor ferroelectrics
 - Dielectric properties of relaxor ferroelectrics
 - Electrostriction in relaxor ferroelectrics
 - Electrooptic effect
 - Conclusions
 - References

Lead-free piezo-ceramics
T Takenaka, Tokyo University of Science, Japan
 - Introduction
 - Barium titanate (BaTiO3) [BT]-based ceramics
 - Potassium niobate (KNbO3) (KN) - sodium niobate (NaNbO3) (NN) – lithium niobate (LiNbO3) (LN) system
 - Potassium niobate (KNbO3) (KN)-based ceramics
 - Bismuth sodium titanate (Bi1/2 Na1/2) TiO3 [BNT]-based ceramics
 - Bismuth sodium titanate (Bi1/2Na1/2) TiO3 [BNT] - bismuth potassium titanate (Bi1/2 K1/2) TiO3 [BKT] - Barium titanate (BaTiO3) [BT] system
 - (Bi1/2Na1/2) TiO3 [BNT] - (Bi1/2Li1/2) TiO3 [BLT] - (Bi1/2 K1/2) TiO3 [BKT] system
 - Bismuth potassium titanate (Bi1/2 K1/2) TiO3 [BKT]-based ceramics
 - Conclusions
 - Acknowledgements
 - References

Quartz-based piezoelectric materials
Y Saigusa, River Eletec, Japan
 - Piezoelectricity of quartz crystal
 - Production of artificial quartz crystal
 - Cutting angles and their vibration mode
 - Applications of resonator, oscillator and filter
 - Acknowledgements
 - References

Lithium niobate and lithium tantalate-based piezoelectric materials
V Shur, Ural State University, Russia
 - Introduction
 - Piezoelectric properties of lithium niobate and lithium tantalite
 - The advantages of single crystal ferroelectrics for piezoelectric applications
 - The influence of the periodic domain structure on piezoelectric and acoustic properties
 - Nano- and micro-domain engineering in lithium niobate and lithium tantalate crystals
 - Applications of domain engineered lithium niobate and lithium tantalate crystals for light frequency conversion
 - Generation of terahertz radiation in periodically poled lithium niobate crystal
 - Conclusions and future trends
 - References

Single Crystal PZN-PT, PMN-PT, PSN-PT and PIN-PT-based piezoelectric materials
H Luo, X Zhao and H Luo, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, China
 - Introduction
 - The history of relaxor ferroelectrics
 - PZN-PT crystal
 - PMN-PT crystal
 - PSN-PT crystal
 - PIN-PT crystal
 - Theory model in Relaxor-based crystal
 - Application in piezoelectric actuator and medical transducer
 - Conclusion and future trends
 - References

Electroactive polymers as actuators
Y Bar-Cohen, Jet Propulsion Lab, USA
 - Introduction
 - Historical review
 - The two electroactive polymers (EAP) groups
 - Current and under consideration applications
 - The armwrestling challenge – as a state-of-the-art indicator
 - Challenges, trend and potential development
 - Conclusions
 - Acknowledgements
 - References

Piezoelectric composite materials
K Uchino, The Pennsylvania State University USA
 - Introduction
 - Connectivity
 - Composite effects
 - PZT: polymer composites
 - Composite dampers and energy harvesters
 - Magnetoelectric sensors
 - References

PART 2 PREPARATION METHODS AND APPLICATIONS

Manufacturing methods for piezoelectric ceramic materials
K Uchino, The Pennsylvania State University USA
 - Material designing
 - Fabrication processes of ceramics
 - Device designing
 - Size effect on ferroelectricity
 - References

Multilayer technologies for piezo-ceramic materials
K Uchino, The Pennsylvania State University USA
 - Introduction
 - Multilayer (ML) manufacturing processes
 - Internal electrode design
 - Electrode materials
 - Innovative (ML) structures
 - Reliability/lifetime of (ML) actuators
 - References

Single crystal preparation techniques for manufacturing piezoelectric materials
L-C Lim, National University of Singapore, Singapore
 - Introduction
 - Flux growth of PZN-PT single crystals (i.e
 - Relaxor-PT crystals of low PT contents)
 - Flux growth of PMN-PT single crystals (i.e
 - Relaxor-PT Crystals of high PT contents)
 - Other commonly encountered phenomena
 - Conclusions
 - Acknowledgements
 - References

Thin film technologies for manufacturing piezoelectric materials
K Wasa, Kyoto University, Japan
 - Introduction: bulk and thin film materials
 - Fundamentals of thin film deposition
 - Deposition of PZT-based thin films
 - Dielectric and piezoelectric properties of PZT-based thin films
 - PZT-based thin films for micro-electromechanical systems (MEMS)
 - PZT-based thin film micro-electromechanical systems (MEMS)
 - Conclusions
 - Acknowledgements
 - References

Aerosol techniques for manufacturing piezoelectric materials
J Akedo, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Japan
 - Introduction
 - Aerosol deposition process
 - Room temperature impact consolidation (RTIC)
 - Deposition properties and film patterning
 - Electrical properties of (AD) films and improvements by heat treatment
 - Piezoelectric device applications
 - Conclusions
 - References

Manufacturing technologies for piezoelectric transducers
K Uchino, The Pennsylvania State University USA
 - Introduction
 - Transducer designs
 - Acoustic lens and horn
 - Acoustic impedance matching
 - Ultrasonic imaging application
 - Sono-chemistry
 - Acknowledgements
 - References

PART 3 APPLICATION ORIENTED MATERIALS DEVELOPMENT

High power piezoelectric materials
K Uchino, The Pennsylvania State University USA
 - Introduction
 - General consideration of loss and hysteresis in piezoelectrics
 - Heat generation in piezoelectrics
 - Loss mechanisms in piezoelectrics
 - High power piezoelectric ceramics
 - High power piezoelectric components
 - Summary and conclusions
 - Acknowledgement
 - References

Photostrictive actuators using piezoelectric materials
K Uchino, The Pennsylvania State University USA
 - Introduction
 - Photovoltaic effect
 - Photostrictive effect
 - Photostrictive device applications
 - Conclusions
 - References

The performance of piezoelectric materials under stress
C S Lynch, University of California, Los Angeles, USA
 - Introduction
 - The unit cell, ferroelectricity, and ferroelasticity
 - Driving forces for polarization reorientation
 - Polarization as an order parameter
 - Groups of unit cells, defects, and domains
 - The large field behaviour of relaxor single crystals
 - Calculation of 'domain engineered' properties
 - Field driven phase transformations
 - The large filed behaviour of ferroelectric ceramics
 - Preisach modelling
 - Future trends
 - References