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Metals for biomedical devices

Edited by M Niinomi, Tohoku University, Japan

 - reviews the latest techniques in metal processing methods including surface treatment and sterilisation
 - examines metal selection for biomedical devices considering biocompatibility of various metals
 - assesses mechanical behaviour and testing of metals featuring corrosion, fatigue and wear
 - discusses specific applications of metals highlighting a new generation of metallic biomaterials and technologies

Despite recent advances in medical devices using other materials, metallic implants are still one of the most commercially significant sectors of the industry. Given the widespread use of metals in medical devices, it is vital that the fundamentals and behaviour of this material are understood. Metals in biomedical devices reviews the latest techniques in metal processing methods and the behaviour of this important material.

Initial chapters review the current status and selection of metals for biomedical devices. Chapters in Part 2 discuss the mechanical behaviour, degradation and testing of metals with specific chapters on corrosion, wear testing and biocompatibility of biomaterials. Part 3 covers the processing of metals for biomedical applications with chapters on such topics as forging metals and alloys, surface treatment, coatings and sterilisation. Chapters in the final section discuss clinical applications of metals such as cardiovascular, orthopaedic and new generation biomaterials.

With its distinguished editor and team of expert contributors, Metals for biomedical devices will be a standard reference for materials scientists, researchers and engineers working in the medical devices industry and academia.

ISBN 1 84569 434 1
ISBN-13: 978 1 84569 434 0
March 2010
432 pages  234 x 156mm  hardback  
£145.00 / US$245.00 / €180.00

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About the editor

Dr Niinomi is Professor of Department of Biomaterials Science, Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku University, Japan. Dr Niinomi is highly regarded for running the Niinomi Lab which specialises in metallic biomaterials.

Titles which may also be of interest:
Bone repair biomaterials
Materials science for dentistry
Orthopaedic bone cements

Contents

PART 1 GENERAL INTRODUCTION
PART 2 MECHANICAL BEHAVIOUR, DEGRADATION AND TESTING OF METALS FOR BIOMEDICAL DEVICES
PART 3 PROCESSING METALS FOR BIOMEDICAL APPLICATIONS
PART 4 SPECIFIC APPLICATIONS OF METALS FOR BIOMEDICAL DEVICES

PART 1 GENERAL INTRODUCTION

Overview of metals and biomedical applications
T Hanawa, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Japan
 - Introduction
 - General properties required for metals in medical devices
 - Stainless steels
 - Cobalt-chromium-based alloys
 - Titanium-based alloys
 - Shape memory and superelastic alloys
 - Noble metals and alloys
 - Other metals
 - References

Metal selection for biomedical devices
Y Okazaki, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Japan
 - Introduction
 - Standardised implantable metals
 - Biocompatibility of various metals
 - Highly biocompatible α+β-type Ti alloy
 - Stability of passive film formed on metals
 - Metal ion release
 - Evaluation of biological property
 - Fatigue assessment
 - Orthopaedic implant device failure: adverse analysis of clinical cases
 - Performance evaluation for orthopaedic devices
 - Future trends
 - References

PART 2 MECHANICAL BEHAVIOUR, DEGRADATION AND TESTING OF METALS FOR BIOMEDICAL DEVICES

Mechanical properties of metallic biomaterials
T Nakano, Osaka University, Japan
 - Introduction
 - Requirements for in vivo mechanical functions
 - Methods for strengthening metallic biomaterials
 - Phase rule and phase diagram
 - Deformation and recovery, recrystallization, and grain ripening
 - Microstructure and related mechanical properties in typical metallic biomaterials
 - Development of metallic biomaterials based on biological bone tissues
 - Summary
 - References

Corrosion of metallic biomaterials
S Hiromoto, National Institute for Materials Science, Japan
 - Importance of corrosion
 - Principle of corrosion
 - Corrosion morphology
 - Evaluation methods of corrosion behaviour
 - Biological environments
 - References

Fatigue and failure of metallic biomaterials
M Niinomi, Tohoku University, Japan
 - Introduction
 - Fatigue strength
 - Fatigue crack propagation
 - Fretting fatigue strength in air and in vitro
 - Fatigue strength of wire
 - Summary
 - References

Mechanical testing of metallic biomaterials
N Maruyama, National Institute for Materials Science, Japan
 - Fracture of metal implants and test methods
 - Living body environment
 - Tensile strength of metallic materials
 - Fatigue and fretting fatigue of metallic materials
 - Effect of corrosion on fatigue and fretting fatigue
 - Corrosion fatigue and fretting corrosion fatigue tests in a simulated body environment
 - Results of fatigue and fretting fatigue tests of metallic biomaterials
 - New fatigue test for metallic biomaterials
 - Acknowledgements
 - References

Wear testing of metallic biomaterials
Y Yan, University of Leeds, UK
 - Introduction of tribology-related testing
 - General testing methods for tribological properties
 - Tribo-corrosion testing
 - Surface analysis for tribology and tribocorrosion properties
 - Future trends
 - References

Biocompatibility of metallic biomaterials
C Cui, Hebei University of Technology, China
 - Introduction
 - Titanium and its alloys
 - Biomedical applications and development of Ti and its alloys
 - Biocompatibility and fabrication of in situ synthsized bioceremic coating on Ti alloys
 - Acknowledgements
 - References

PART 3 PROCESSING METALS FOR BIOMEDICAL APPLICATIONS

Forging metals and alloys for biomedical applications
M Chandrasekaran, Bio-scaffold International Pte Ltd, Singapore
 - Introduction
 - Fundamentals of forging and typical forging process applied to metals and alloys for biomedical applications
 - Properties for forgeability
 - Microstructural development and its consequences on properties
 - Forging of metals and alloys for biomedical applications
 - Die materials and die design for forging
 - Powder metallurgy forging of metals and alloys for biomedical applications
 - Summary
 - Sources of further information and advice

Surface treatment of metallic biomaterials
R Thull, University of Wuerzburg, Germany
 - Introduction
 - Surface structuring
 - Physical modifications
 - Strength of modification
 - Interface modulation and biocompatibility
 - Future developments and optimizations
 - Summary
 - Sources of further information and advice
 - References

Coatings for metallic biomaterials
T Kasuga, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Japan
 - Introduction
 - Calcium phosphate ceramic coatings
 - Calcium phosphate glass-ceramic coatings
 - Bioactive surface prepared by chemical treatments
 - Conclusion
 - References

Biocompatible polymer assembly on metal surfaces
K Ishihara and J Choi, The University of Tokyo, Japan
 - Introduction
 - Phospholipid polymers provided biocompatible surfaces on metal
 - Surface grafting of the 2-methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine (MPC) polymer on titanium alloy
 - MPC polymer assembly on Ti alloy
 - Future trends
 - Summary
 - Acknowledgment
 - References

Sterilisation and cleaning of metallic biomaterials
S Lerouge, Ecole de technologie supérieure, Canada
 - Introduction
 - Concepts and definitions
 - Principal methods of sterilisation of biomaterials, advantages and limits
 - Alternative sterilisation methods
 - New challenges for sterilisation
 - Cleaning
 - Standards and other sources of further information
 - Summary
 - References

PART 4 SPECIFIC APPLICATIONS OF METALS FOR BIOMEDICAL DEVICES

Orthopaedic applications of metallic biomaterials
T Matsushita, Chubu University, Japan
 - Introduction
 - Total hip replacement
 - Total knee replacement
 - Miscellaneous joint replacement
 - Implants for bone fracture
 - Failure of orthopaedic implants
 - Summary
 - References

New generation metallic biomaterials
T Narushima, Tohoku University, Japan
 - Introduction
 - Brief overview of traditional metallic biomaterials
 - Newer alloys as metallic biomaterials
 - Novel processing technologies for metallic biomaterials
 - Other metallic biomaterials
 - Future trends
 - Sources of further information and advice
 - References

Degradable metallic biomaterials for cardiovascular applications
H Hermawan, D Dubé and D Mantovani, Laval University, Canada
 - Introduction
 - Clinical needs for using degradable metallic biomaterials
 - Studies on degradable metallic biomaterials for cardiovascular applications
 - Lessons from the first ten years of investigation in degradable metallic biomaterials
 - References